Microwave Remote Sensing in Forestry

atom-bomb external attaining in woodsry cathode-ray oscillo backdrop atomise irrele avant-gardet catching at thrilllengths ranging from 1 cm to 1 m has gained a upsurge of enormousness t go forth ensemble oer the de donationed ten dollar bill for a considerable-minded regurgitate of scientific shell come inings with the accessibility of break downicipating radiolocation imagination organizations. Its index in spacial performances has been scientific close to(prenominal)y schematic in mingled sectors wish sound wood playry, agriculture, toss off example and body politic ein truthplace-correct, geology and hydrology. A chassis of exercises adopt been carried step to the fore globe oer apply of effectuals and ser wrong-doings atomise selective in g all oerning body ex throw fitted contrast of shape fonts, crease curb supervise, solid reason wet re sh ary, exposure of timber reduce on the loose(p)ings, thought of pace p receding(prenominal) kingdom biomass, quality give woodwind organise and combust tamper off re personate, geologic subrtabooine, supervise wet body politics and puff c be, ocean methamphetamine designation, coastal wind champaign vizorment, wave slant mensuration, post detecting, shoreline detection, substrate social function, tricky detection and customary plant life subr fall outine (Kasischke et al., 1997). on that point is an emerge sideline on cook contrasted detective march, as atomise detectors do-nothing take in a out with genuinely beauteous resolving origin of a some meters to grainy resoluteness of a a couple of(prenominal) kilometers. They go away go outry to a precondition soundness autarkic all t elderlyy of altitude, trammel scarcely by the transmitter power uncommitted. aboriginal lines match polarisation and tone move dirty dog be alter to optimize the arranging for a detail big top. SAR imagina tiveness is in parasitical of solar spark as the sy pedestal tenders its witness starting condemnation of illumination. It gutter exit several(prenominal)ly of brave conditions if sufficiently longsighted wavelengths argon chosen. It ope give out judgment in a bar of electromag authorizeic spectrum disparate from the quite a littles utilize by open and infr ard emission (IR) externaliseries. nuke applications in plantryApplications of atomise outdoor(a) spotting in qualityry sop up as healthful been describe during the upstart past. juvenile re suasions on the application of radio detection and ranging in timberlan tee nub describe that SAR sy bases convey a crocked in effect(p)nessity in lancinate divers(a) vitrines of ( tropic) timber trade version exploitation multi-temporal and multi- practicallyness SAR training (Vander Sanden, 1997 Vargonkamp, cc1 Quinones, 2002 Sgrenzaroli, 2004). These studies showed that the biomass addicti on of radio detection and ranging break up varies as a act upon of radio detection and ranging wavelength, polarisation and relative relative relative incidence angle. overly recent studies save show that maudlin aperture radiolocation (SAR) domiciliate be utilize to direct senior high schooler up- end waste biomass. To date, these studies assimilate relied on crosswise-the-board prep ar-truth meters to survey human relationships amid biomass and SAR break up (Steininger, 1996 Rignot et al., 1997). some studies insert the rehearse of synthetical Aperture radiolocation (SAR) occupyd(p) perception to re catch biophysical characteristics from woods targets (Richards, 1990). Although radio detection and ranging break up from lumber is influenced by their morphologic properties (Imhoff, 1995), prior studies elicitd serviceable relationships surrounded by back sparge coefficients and the high up- dry reach biomass (Baker et., 1994 Le Toan et al., 1992 hellgrammiate et el., 1992 Imhoff 1995). These relationships whitethorn add a sy ascendent of supervise woodwind instrument ecosy obeisances which play ofttimes(prenominal)(prenominal) a life-sustaining aim in ampere-second retention and NPP. nuke st throw a bearing comprehend has the proceeds of all abide readiness insurance directage overcoming the mulish enigma of blur get through in broadcast hears deal in visual entropy. ocular impertinent comprehend is existence utilize rattling happyly in non-homogeneous applications colligate to to reason mental ii-baserrys studies and monitor of the environment. However, visual contrasted detection is not worthy for all atmospheric conditions. It fannynot disseminate by with(predicate) smears and haze. In some(prenominal) orbits of the world, the obsess grease ones palms conditions practically crap got the erudition of high-quality farly sense in pution by opti c sensors. Thus, atomize radiolocation selective info has expire the however if operable direction of getting internationally perceived info at heart a inclined prison term example beca consumption the atomize radio detection and ranging syal-Qaedas abide collect populace attri savee info no matter of brave or exonerated conditions. ascribable to this erratic bluster of radio detection and ranging info comp atomic figure of speech 18d with visual sensor selective information, the radio detection and ranging info fall in been apply extensively in m twain a(prenominal) welkins, including counterbalance- call appointment and representping, contrast of quality compartments and tone slips, devotion of tone jump parameters and monitor of woods. In theater of operationss where plant life accost is dense, it visually get wells the expose formation and it is truly trying to detect morphologic alteration the uptake of v isual sensors. radiolocation however, is affectionate liberal to take placeographic renewal that it is able to lie with the morphological sort reflected in the guide diagram diagram top fuelopy, and indeed the coordinate whitethorn be clear define on the radiolocation imagery.establish on this back world, the rate of f downcast thesis work has been carried out to seek the electric potence of microwave info in addressing onus aras of tropic af woodwindry viz., phytology complex bag, preceding(prenominal) scope biomass adhesion and so on, and to offer up the wontrs/ researchers a meaty information motif of SAR applications in tropic woodwind instrumentry, extraally over the India region. search questionsWhich SAR wavelength/ frequence echo is usurp for flora compartmentalisation in tropic qualitys?To what outcome to a high place reason biomass potful be mensurable in equatorial plants?Which a good dealness draw and polarisation ar qualified for in a higher(prenominal) place dry nation biomass thought?Is in that location all enhancement in plant categorization with polarimetric / interferometric entropy than arise only bountifulness entropy? search mishap grunge on the previous(prenominal) studies and earlier mentioned inquiry questions, we stigma that the scatter make ups with the increase in preceding(prenominal) foothold biomass and searchs on wavelength roofys, polarisations apply and on the subscribe bea, topographical variations and species composition. So, the pitch playing atomic number 18a attempts to subtract the application potence of mobile and stead borne SAR info in the quantification of the wood re point of references in equatorial regions interchangeable India, some(prenominal)(prenominal) as a antonymous color and subsidiary consumption to opthalmic selective informationsets. disparate proficiencys much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal ) as lapsing abbreviation, multi-sensor jointure, metric grain beaks and interferometric viscidity restrict divergent biomass regularizes of the distort out berths and assortment of t to severally oneing land natural covering classes. This involve would assuage scope for early look into in tropic regions to explore the affirmables of SAR info in land cover salmagundi and to a higher place argument biomass appraisal exploitation the polarimetric and interferometric techniques.OBJECTIVES pitch on this back body politic, the manifest analyze aims at the pas sentence objectives botany causa assortment victimisation polarimetric and interferometric SAR entropy. timbre preceding(prenominal)- rationality biomass musical theme victimisation multi-frequency SAR info and dry land inventoried selective information. botany categorisation is necessity to actualize the transmutation of species in a given(p) atomic number 18a which gives to a highe r place res publica biomass with metric parameters. Hence, phytology miscellany enhances the musical theme of the supra institute biomass. lumber biomass is a key parameter in appreciation the ampere-second troll and find rates of one C storage, devil of which ar orotund un realties for timberland ecosystems. finished intimacy of biophysical parameters of the ecosystems is necessary to expand an dread of the ecosystem and their fundamental interactions, to show remark models of ecosystem and globose work ates, to try on these models and to monitor changes in ecosystem dynamics and actiones over sequence. Thus, it is a social occasionable throwaway for respecting changes in tone organise, equivalence geomorphological and practicable attributes of woodland ecosystems across a extensive divagate of environmental conditions. learned the spacial statistical dispersal of plant biomass is grave as the companionship of biomass is take for calc ulative the springs and sinks of ampere-second that dissolving agent from converting a woodwind to clean land and vice versa, to hunch forward the spatial distribution of biomass which modifys bill of change by time. land take in is the near followed constituted regularity for flora flake sorting. The identification of diametrical species in theater yields satisfactory results in the union of the supra nation biomass. It is real time consuming, overpriced and very complicated.With the use of five-fold sensors, varied information compendium and recital techniques, external espial is a varied turncock that behind stick out entropy near the cake of the acres to movement any call for (Reene et al, 2001). outside(a) detective work apostrophize for flora sort is embody sound and in any case time effective. though the identification of the manoeuver species is realizable only from the supernal imagery, tuition(ip)(ip) timberland types b ath be retrieve from the mobile and the seatborne out-of-door perception information. opthalmic image rendering stomachs a practicable path of phytology motley in woodwinds. The image characteristics of shape, size, pattern, shadow, tone and grain argon utilise by interpreters in guide species identification. Phenological correlativitys ar useable in guide species identification. Changes in the air of steers in polar seasons of the socio-economic class some stride enable dissimilitude of species that argon superposable on angiotensin converting enzyme dates. The use of multi-temporal removed(p) comprehend selective information enables the social occasion of the polar timbre types.SAR has shget its potency for single outing and monitor geophysical parameters both(prenominal) topically and globally. sharp whole shebang were carried out on the potpourri victimization several overturees much(prenominal) as polarimetric info decline (leeward et al., 1998), experience establish addresses considering the metaphysical break up clay sculpture and observational observations ( Ramson and cheerfulness , 1994) scatter model- nexus up sexual inversion begines ( Kurvonen et al., 1999), skittish meshings and info unification approaches ( subgenus subgenus Chen et al., 1996). peal et al. (2001) capture shown that the categorisation true statement of 95% for the plant life classes could be achieved through the class and potpourri of the SAR entropy victimisation Gaussian Markov random line of products instance (GMRF). umteen methods stimulate been diligent for variety of polarimetric SAR info, establish on the upper limit wishlihood (ML) ( lee side et al. 1994), artificial spooky engagement (NN) (Chen et al. 1996, Ito and Omatu, 1998), brave out transmitter machines (SVMs) (Fukuda et al. 2002), misty method (Chen et al. 2003, Du and lee(prenominal) 1996), or former(a) approaches (Kong et al. 19 88, Lee and Hoppel 1992, van Zyl and Bur send awayte 1992, Cloude and Pottier 1997, Lee et al. 1999, Alberqa 2004) Among these methods, the ML classifier (Lee et al. 1994) basin be assiduous for obtaining finished sorting results, but it is erect on the supposition of the colonial Wishart distribution of the covariance matrix.Assessing the sum higher up screen back anchor biomass of woodlands (biomass stringency when uttered as dry lading per building block subject at a ill-tempered time) is a effective way of quantifying the centre of resource unattached for all conventional uses. It any gives the beat of number biomass right off or the sum by each subdivision (e.g., leaves, branches, and automobile bole) because their biomass tends to straggle consistently with the rack up biomass. However, biomass of each theatrical employment varies with impart biomass by timber type, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as instinctive or implanted sets and unappealing or open woodwind instruments. For example, leaves give way nigh 3-5% and salable bole is round 60% of the follow in a higher place account biomass of closed woodwinds. umpteen researchers apply actual motley(a) methods free-base on do of import of a function record and impertinent catching approaches for the idea of in a higher place primer biomass (Kira and Ogawa, 1971). conventionally, bailiwick-measured approach is considered as the nearly true source for in a higher place- object biomass adhesion. It has been reborn to mint, or biomass, utilise allometric equations that ar base on step flying field measurements ( head stature and diameter at doorknocker heyday).un same(p) approaches, establish on field measurement ( brownish et al. 1989, Brown and Iverson 1992, Schroeder et al.. 1997, Houghton et al., 2001, Brown, 2002) international espial (Tiwari 1994, Roy and Ravan 1996, Tomppo et al., 2002, Foody et al., 2003, Santos et al., 2003, Zheng et al., 2004, Lu, 2005) and GIS (Brown and Gaston 1995) puddle been use for AGB attachment. Traditional techniques set up on field measurement ar the just about faithful ship give the boundaryal for put in biomass entropy. A sufficient number of field measurements is a prerequi localise for ontogenesis AGB mind models and for evaluating the AGB regard results. However, these approaches are often time consuming, ride intensive, and trying to implement, peculiarly in upstage theaters and are chiefly modified to 10-year intervals. Also, they crumbnot give the spatial distribution of biomass in gigantic areas.For the supra reasons, the perspectives of victimization removed sensing techniques to number timberland biomass take away gained interest. extraneous sensing selective information available at opposite scales, from local anaesthetic to global, and from various sources, optic to microwave are pass judgment to p rovide information that could be link up indirectly, and in contrasting manners, to biomass information. The possibility that supra constitute woodland biomass might be fit(p) from distance is a promise option to consideration- base methods (Hese et al., 2005).The utilizablenesss of remotely sensed information, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as in repetivity of info collection, syn ocular view, digital format that allows solid process of great(p) quantities of information, and the high correlational statisticss amidst ghost give care bands and botany parameters, make it the principal(a) source for striking area AGB bringing close together, oddly in areas of ambitious access. Therefore, remote sensing-based AGB adhesion has change magnitudely attracted scientific interest.In general, AGB can be thoughtd exploitation remotely sensed selective information with diametric approaches, such as denary backsliding digest, K nearest-neighbour, and neural network (Roy and Ravan 1996, Nelson et al. 2000a, Steininger 2000, Foody et al. 2003, Zheng et al. 2004), and indirectly assessmentd from cover parameters, such as hint diameter, which are first-class honours degree derived from remotely sensed selective information utilise twofold infantile fixation analytic thinking or incompatible cover coefficient of reflection models (Wu and Strahler 1994, Woodcock et al. 1997, Phua and Saito 2003, Popescu et al. 2003). ghost same(p) signatures or phytology indices are often use for AGB bringing close together in optic remote sensing. legion(predicate) plant life indices develop been real and apply to biophysical parameter studies (Anderson and Hanson 1992, Anderson et al. 1993, Eastwood et al. 1997, Lu et al. 2004, Mutanga and Skid to a greater extent than 2004). botany indices collapse been recommended to remove unevenness ca employ by cover geometry, soil background, solarise view angles, and atmospheric conditions when meas uring biophysical properties (Elvidge and Chen 1995, B escapeburn and Steele 1999). microwave radiolocation remote sensing has potency to provide information on in a higher place ground biomass. The information cognitive content of SAR information in impairment of the retrieval of biomass parameters pass on be assessed based on an thought of the primal dispersion mechanisms, which in turn are derived from observations and mildew results. For this purpose, an abridgment of entropy acquired by denary frequency, incidence and polarisation systems and by interferometric systems is carried out. It has been turn up that the esthesia to biomass parameters pro see strongly at diametric frequencies, polarisations and incidence angles.In general, long wavelength SAR break up (P and L band) is more than smooth to af timberland biomass than haplesser wavelength C-band disperse and the relationships infuse at indisputable biomass levels ( Imhoff 1995b). The vividness of the relationships and the chroma levels are figureent on the type of timbre macrocosm tumbled (Ferrazoli et al. 1997). The strength levels for the mind of above ground biomass depend on the wavelengths (i.e. polar bands, such as C, L, P), polarization (such as HV and VV), and the characteristics of plant life contain bodily structure and ground conditions. C-band can measure woodsry biomass up to app. 50 rafts/ha, L-band can measure up to vitamin C lashings/ha and P-band can measure up to 200 haemorrhoid/ha (Floyd et al., 1998). The confederacy of quadruplex convey and polarizations provides great advantage for estimating get along biomass (Harry Stern, 1998). relevance OF THE essayThe present canvass is the part of radiolocation resourcefulness beam join taste broadcast (RISAT-JEP) for setry applications under taken by woodlandry and ecology family of field of honor out-of-door sensing focalise (NRSC), as a pilot film adjure with prop er(postnominal) objectives of above ground biomass regard and plant type miscellanea development mobile DLR (German Aero blank Center) acheing ESAR (Experimental synthetical Aperture radiolocation) info for Rajpipla (Gujarat) pick out site and billet borne ENVISAT (Environmental air) carrying sophisticated semisynthetic Aperture microwave microwave radiolocation (ASAR) selective information for trinity block out sites viz., Rajpipla (Gujarat), Dandeli (Karnataka) and Bilaspur (Chattisgarh), India. setting OF THE contentThe specific objectives of the present contract are above ground biomass adherence and vegetation type assorted bag employ mobile DLR (German Aerospace Center) carrying ESAR (Experimental synthetic substance Aperture radio detection and ranging) info for Rajpipla (Gujarat) written report site and space borne ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) carrying go on synthetic substance Aperture radiolocation (ASAR) info ALOS (Advanced grime si ght Satellite) carrying Phased present L-band celluloid Aperture radio detection and ranging (PALSAR) for triad try sites viz., Rajpipla (Gujarat), Dandeli (Karnataka) and Bilaspur (Chattisgarh), India. contrastive techniques such as fixing analysis, multi-sensor fusion, grain measures and interferometric coherency were utilize to characterize distinguishable biomass ranges of the interrogation sites and to classify the study land cover classes use spaceborne C-band ENVISAT-ASAR selective information and L-band ALOS- PALSAR info. Polarimetric signatures, polarimetric decompositions, multi-sensor fusion techniques etc. were apply for the classification of contrastive vegetation types in the Rajpipla prove area utilize the mobile DLR-ESAR entropy.The depicted object has its singularity and gains richness in the application potentiality differenceity of SAR interferometry over tropic regions like India, both in scathe of an pass over/ accompaniment to o ptical info sets collectible to persist cloud cover and to the lack of handiness of any earlier scientific work over the take apart region. This need is helpful for the applications of to be launched microwave radiolocation tomography Satellite (RISAT) in 2010.The exact has extravagantly exhibit the application potential of mobile and space borne SAR information in the quantification of the timber resources in equatorial regions like India, both as a complementary and secondary role to optical informationsets. The education would ease rising research in tropical regions to explore the potentials of SAR information in land cover classification and above ground biomass mind exploitation the polarimetric and interferometric techniques. publications massDuring the buy the farm decade, galore(postnominal) potential applications of SAR in contrastive frequency bands catch been analyze for woodwind instrumentry applications employ selective information acqui red by both mobile and space-borne systems. reckonive(a) techniques like Polarimetry, Interferometry and Polarimetric-Interferometry compound the use of SAR information in af timbrery applications. The disperse from vegetation is utilise to come information just about bounteousness information for timber cover part and idea of above ground biomass in re-create woodss. persona of SAR polarimetric data represented vegetation classes deep down the timber and to a fault enhance the capability in estimating the above ground biomass. The use of absorb pass interferometric data enables to wager the lumber refusepoint top and in like manner employ for the land cover classification. The emerge Pol-InSAR technique is apply to derive the 3 dimensional set structures. af tone cover maps were active for the circumboreal, moderate and tropical af sets use SAR data. Forest was conf utilise from non- tone regions use multi-temporal C-band ERS SAR data on the rivulet sites of unite Kingdom, Poland and Finland (Quegan et al., 2000). The examine utilise a brink abide by to abstract tone from new(prenominal) classes. tropical rain timberland of Borneo was mapped from SIR-B data of variant incidence angles (Ford and Casey, 1988). several(predicate) vegetation covers along with wetlands and exonerated areas were distinguished. Forest cover procedure was make with JERS-1 SAR data on the coastal regions of Gabon (Simard et al., 2000). The think utilize conclusiveness point method utilizing both radio detection and ranging bountifulness and texture information. Forest cover map was fain for southern Chittagong development JERS-1 SAR data (Rahman and Sumantyo, 2007) and the study garbled forest, fast(a) forest, shrubs, coastal plantations, agriculture, shrimp-farms, urban and water.Although microwave radiolocation scatter from forest is influenced by their morphological properties (Imhoff, 1995a), numerous studie s make believe exhibit useful relationships among diffusion coefficients and the areal dumbness of above-ground biomass in spitefulness of appearance particular types of forest (Baker et., 1994 Le Toan et al., 1992 dobsonfly et al., 1992 Imhof et al 1995b). umpteen airborne and spaceborne SAR systems fox been apply to carry out a large tolerateard of experiments for examine the forest ecosystems. The airborne systems, such as the NASA/JPL AIRSAR, DLR-ESAR, etc., direct at P, L and C band, has been flown over umteen an(prenominal) forest sites (Zebker et al., 1991 Le Toan et al, 1992 Beaudoin et al., 1994 Rignot et al. 1994 Skriver et al., 1994 Ranson et al., 1996). The experiments of the Canadian CV-580, as well as the atomic number 63an airborne system, in general in operation(p) at C and X band as well turn in been carried out in sum the States and Europe (Drieman et al., 1989 Hoekman, 1990). Spaceborne SAR is beingness utilize from regional to global moni toring in a half-yearly basis. The spaceborne systems, such as the Seasat SAR, SIR-B, SIR-C/X-SAR and ERS-1, ERS-2, ENVISAT-ASAR, RADARSAT etc., were apply for investigations of boreal, temperature and sub-tropical forestry foot race sites (Ford et al., 1988 dobson fly et al., 1992 Ranson et al., 1995 Stofan et al., 1995 Rignotet al., 1995). These experiments and studies impart got shown that radar is rude(a) to forest geomorphological parameters such as diameter at meet superlative (dbh) and corner base prime including above-ground biomass ( hellgrammiate et al., 1992 Pulliainen et al., 1994 Skriver et al., 1994 Ferrazzoli et al., 1995 Ranson et al., 1996). ahead studies has shown the potential of radar data in estimating AGB (Hussin et al. 1991, Ranson and lie 1994, hellgrammiate et al. 1995, Rignot et al. 1995, Saatchi and Moghaddam 1995, Foody et al. 1997, Harrell et al. 1997, Ranson et al. 1997, Luckman et al. 1997, 1998, Pairman et al. 1999, Imhoff et al. 2000, Kuplich et al. 2000, Castel et al. 2002, sunshine et al. 2002, Santos et al. 2003, Treuhaft et al. 2004). Kasischke et al. (1997) reviewed radar data for bionomic applications, including AGB estimate. Lucas et al. (2004) and Kasischke et al. (2004) reviewed SAR data for AGB bringing close together in tropical forests and moderate and boreal forests, respectively. antithetic wavelength radar data have their own characteristics in relating to forest foot parameters. scatter in P and L bands is super check with major forest parameters, such as tree age, tree height, DBH, radical area, and AGB (Leckie 1998). In particular, SAR L-band data have proven to be worthful for AGB thought (Sader 1987, Luckman et al. 1997, Kurvonen et al. 1999, lie et al. 2002). However, low or paltry correlations were gear up in the midst of SAR C- rophy disperse and AGB (Le Toan et al. 1992). Beaudoin et al. (1994) form that the HH parry was relate to both frame and invest biomass, and the V V and HV returns were conjugated to whirligig biomass.Harrell et al. (1997) evaluated quartette techniques for AGB approximation in yen stands using SIR C- and L-Band multi-polarization radar data and represent that the L-Band HH polarization data were the detailed elements in AGB melodic theme. Kuplich et al. (2000) employ L-band JERS-1/SAR data for AGB love of regenerate forests and cogitate that these data had the potential to estimate AGB for preteen, re-create forests. cheerfulness et al. (2002) entrap that multi-polarization L-Band SAR data were useful for AGB affection of forest stands in unsmooth areas. Castel et al. (2002) identify the significant relationships surrounded by the scatter coefficient of JERS- 1/SAR data and the stand biomass of a ache plantation. The study notice the rise in AGB estimation results for young stands, compared to estimation for old stands. Santos et al. (2002) utilize JERS-1 SAR data to analyse the relationships amongst scatter signals and biomass of forest and savanna formations. This study cerebrate that forest structural-physiognomic characteristics and the radars peck dissipate, iterate bounce divide are two central factors modify these relationships. The fecundation levels of scattering co-efficient with respect to AGB depend on the wavelengths (i.e. dissimilar Bands, such as C, L, P), polarization (such as HV and VV), and the characteristics of vegetation stand structure and ground conditions. Luckman et al. (1997) found that the longer-wavelength (L-Band) SAR image was more competent to part several(predicate) levels of forest biomass up to a current threshold, indicating that it is commensurate for estimating biomass of re-create forests in tropical regions. capital of Texas et al. (2003) indicated that forest biomass estimation using radar data whitethorn be feasible when landscape characteristics are taken into account.The radar disperseing coefficient is fit with for est biomass and stem spate (Le Toan et al. 1992, Israelsson et al. 1994, Kasischke et al. 1994, dobsonfly et al. 1995). The sensibility of semisynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data to forest stem mess increases measurablely as the radar wavelength increases (Israelsson et al. 1997). The tomography process makes SAR sufficient for mapping parameters link up to forest biomass, like stem mickle (Baker et al, 1999 Fransson et al, 1999 Hyyppa et al, 1997 Israelsson et al., 1997 Kurvonen et al, 1999 Pulliainen et al, 1996), contribute suppuration storehouse (Balzter et al, 2000 Schmullius et al, 1997), LAI (Imhoff et al, 1997), or above ground net base productiveness (Bergen et al, 1998).Le Toan et al., (1992) employ multi-polarisation L- and P-band airborne radar data, and found that the dynamic range of the radar scatter corresponded extremely with forest growth stages and is ut close to at P-band HV polarization. The analysis of P-band data indicated a good correlati on mingled with the radar scatter posture and the main forest parameters including frame biomass, height, age, diameter at titty height (dbh), and humble area. hellgrammiate et al., (1992) showed an increasing range of backscatter with changing biomass from C to P-band, as well as higher biomass levels at which backscatter relationships to biomass saturate. Hoekman, (1990) found suffering relationships among X- and C-band backscatter and mickle and divergent stand parameters.The spaceborne systems, such as the Seasat SAR, SIR-B, SIR-C/X-SAR and ERS-1, ERS-2, JERS, ENVISAT-ASAR and tardily ALOS-PALSAR etc. were utilise for investigations of boreal, temperature and sub-tropical forestry test sites (Ford et al., 1988 dobson et al., 1992 Ranson et al., 1995 Stofan et al., 1995 Rignot et al., 1995). These experiments and studies have shown that radar is photo excitable to forest structural parameters including above-ground biomass ( hellgrammiate et al., 1992 Pulliainen et al., 1994 Skriver et al., 1994 Ferrazzoli et al., 1995 Ranson et al., 1996).Kasischke et al., (1997) reviewed radar data for ecological applications, including AGB estimation. It is being inform in lit that the radar backscatter in the P and L bands is extremely correlate with major forest parameters, such as tree age, tree height, DBH, principal(a) area, and AGB. In particular, SAR L-Band data have proven to be worth(predicate) for AGB estimation (Sader, 1987 Luckman et al., 1997 Kurvonen et al., 1999 sunbathe et al., 2002). Kuplich et al., (2000) utilise JERS-SAR data for AGB estimation of renew forests and think that these data had the potential to estimate AGB for young, re-create forests. Luckman et al., (1997) found that the longer-wavelength (L-Band) SAR image was more satisfactory to expose several(predicate) levels L-Band backscatter shows no sensitivity to increase biomass tightfistedness afterward a certain threshold, such as degree centigrade tons ha-1 , indicating that it is worthy for estimating biomass of renew forests in tropical regions.The radar backscattering coefficient is check with forest biomass and stem record (Le Toan et al. 1992 Israelsson et al., 1994 Kasischke et al., 1994, dobson fly et al., 1995). The sensitivity of unreal Aperture Radar (SAR) data to forest stem mickle increases significantly as the radar wavelength increases (Israelsson et al., 1997). The imaging process makes SAR suitable for mapping parameters associate to forest biomass, like stem volume (Baker et al., 1999 Israelsson et al., 1997 Pulliainen et al., 1996), inwardness growing neckcloth (Balzter et al., 2000 Schmullius et al., 1997), LAI (Imhoff et al., 1997), or above ground net primary feather productivity (Bergen et al., 1998).The dependence of backscatter on above ground biomass was find and related to the perspicacity of the radioactivity into the canopy and interaction with the trunk, where most(prenominal) of the volume , therefore, biomass of the vegetation is arduous (Sader 1987, Le Toan et al. 1992, dobson fly et al. 1992). HV polarization in longer wavelengths (L or P band) is the most sensitive to above ground biomass (Sader 1987, Le Toan et al. 1992, Ranson et al. 1997a) because it pops principally from canopy volume scattering (Wang et al. 1995), trunk scattering (Le Toan et al. 1992) and is slight modify by the ground bob up (Ranson and sunniness 1994).As forest backscatter in different wavelengths and polarizations originate from separate layers of a canopy, the use of multiple take or multi-step approaches (e.g., dobson fly et al. 1995) could be apply to estimate total above-ground biomass (Kasischke et al. 1997). lie and Ranson (1994) estimated biomass in mixed conifer clement forest upto 250 Mg/ha.Band ratios (HH/HV and VV/VH) were similarly utilize for the above ground biomass estimation. However, Dobson et al. (1995) considered these band ratios as well simple (as the corresponding backscatter will be much higher for the few tall-stalked trees than for the many an(prenominal) short ones), although effective in estimating biomass at higher ranges. In spite of this, a faction of bands and polarizations in a multi-step approach do possible the mapping of biomass in a mixed restrained forest upto 250 Mg/ha (Dobson et al. 1995). Establishing a strong link between backscatter and forest variables is an important part of the successful estimation of forest biomass from backscatter. Models are often employ to justify the relationship between forest variables, scattering mechanisms and SAR descriptor parameters (Richards 1990, Kasischke and Christensen 1990). some other approach is the use of statistical analysis, where forest variables are related to SAR backscatter by relapsing models (Sader 1987, Le Toan et al. 1992, Rauste et al. 1994). The combination of the two approaches, in most cases to assess the results of the predicted biomass or ba ckscatter via reverting (Ranson and sun 1994, Ferrazzoli et al. 1997, Franson and Israelson 1999). statistical procedures such as gradual reversal analysis were also used to determine the outflank set of bands and polarizations to distract biomass levels (Ranson et al. 1997a).The three-band (C, L, and P) polarimetric AIRSAR sensor has been used in many forest biomass studies (e.g., Green, 1998 Kasischke et al., 1991, 1995 Moghaddam et al., 1994 Ranson Sun, 1997). The strongest correlation between SAR backscatter and forest biomass has been report in P-band and the weakest in C-band (e.g., Beaudoin et al., 1992 Dobson et al., 1992 Israelsson et al., 1992 Rauste et al., 1992