Management and Negotiating Conflict Style Essay Example for Free

Management and Negotiating action Style Essay1. Hastings had a reputation of being hard headed, and not being able to upshot criticism. He used the autocratic style to push for his directions of doing things. They said he would sometimes embarrass employees, and roll his eyes at them. And when they had an idea he might call their ideas dumb ideas. He was so bad at this he actually established the nickname Animal. Hastings was young when he developed nice Softw are, after establishing it he realized he didnt like the man he had become or the business he had created. He sold Pure for $750 million and potpourrid his ways when he moved on to his new company Netflix. At Netflix Hastings was a new man he changed his use of communications in sending and receiving messages in many ways. At Netflix, Hastings was much more kind and open to new ideas. He changed his way of talking to employees and you can tell by the rise in stock and Hastings being named Businessperson of the year in 2010.2. He changed his use of feedback by listening to his employees and thier ideas, and when he didnt understand he would say, help me understand your idea, tell me why this will work. Instead of just rolling his eyes and acting high and mighty like he did and his previous company Pure.3. Hastings coaching style at Pure was poor he wanted to change that when he created Netflix. He defiantly improved his coaching guidelines in the following ways He started giving praise and recognition, not criticizing, and giving specific and descriptive feedback.4. I feel Hastings used two different styles one at Pure and one at Netflix. I feel the style he used at Pure was more of a Forcing Conflict style. When I read the case I got the impression that Hastings didnt care what his Pure employees thought about him it was more of a I win you Lose attitude which is what the Forcing Conflict Style is all about. With Netflix on the other hand I feel like he went for more of the Negotiating Conflic t Style the more I win some, you win some. He cared more about his employees and how they felt. That is just my sagacity but I guess if I had to pick just one style he used in twain of them I would pick the Forcing Conflict Style because Hastings still ran a tight ship and at the end of the day he was always going to end up a winner.5. The Conflictmanagement style used by Netflix was Collaborating Conflict Style. It is the best solution agreeable to all parties. Joining forces with Epix was a good deal for both of them. Thats why I feel the Collaborating Approach was the style used.6. I am currently a Netflix user I have been for many years. They are nonplusting better and better e precise year. I really have no complaints, they have every show that I like to watch, and it is always very quick for me. I think the price is fair, and they let you watch it on every device you own. I as a customer have absolutely no complaints.7. I think the Group Level of Analysis was used. This lev el focuses on the relationship between the leaders and the collective group of followers. They focus on how a leader contributes to group effectiveness. Hastings used the Management paradigm by being concerned with stability, and finding out the best way to get the job done. He was able to lead through others, and create favorable conditions for success. He was a very successful leader too there is no good manager that is not a good leader as well.

Outline and evaluate behavioural therapies to treat mental disorders Essay Example for Free

Outline and evaluate behavioural therapies to treat mental disorders EssayBecause of the genius of the behavioural model which measure specific behaviours in precise terms such as how many times a negative behaviour is performed, improvements screwing be accurately measured. Which in turn means therapies goodness can to a fault be measured. The classical conditioning therapies have been proved to be effective by Wolpe who found an 80-90% success rate with these therapies. Barlow and Lehmen also found a success rate of 77% following treatment. However medication can throw in with systematic desensitization because medication suppresses anxiety. Operant conditioning is also based on scientific principals proven to be effective by Azrin who examined female patients in a mental hospital who were incapable of doing everyday tasks. Using token economies, positive behaviour in these women increased. However studies looking at children and students by Lepper and Deci also found that rewarding intrinsic interests actually reduces behaviour. A strength of the classical conditioning therapies is that the patients have a high level of control. In token economies merely patients have very little control over their therapies.This give rises ethical issues as informed consent is non achieved for token economies, instead they ar enforced with or without the patients consent. Token economies are also open to abuse and can be deemed as a form of social control. Classical conditioning therapies also raise ethical issues in terms of putting their patients at risk of emotional harm. Other problems with classical conditioning therapies include the fact that some patients may non have a vivid enough imagination for flooding, and social desensitization may be difficult to arrange and control, whereas token economies are practical as they can be done anywhere.A problem with token economies though, is that changes are due to external rewards and not an innate desire to chan ge and so if the rewards are removed the positive behaviour may cease. Finally debate will also continue whether the treatments provided by the behavioural model only treat the symptoms and not the causes, and if only the symptoms are treated, does it matter?

The Infallibility of the Bible: Astronomical Errors

The Infallibility of the sacred scripture Astronomical Errors03/12/2017There is overwhelming support for inerrancy from history. The idea that the give-and-take rout out contain errors is a relatively new mental picture. beginning and scholar Harold Lindsell stated, Apart from a few exceptions, the church through the ages has consistently believed that the entire watchword of account is the inerrant or infallible Word of deity1. You need a transition hereThe presence of observable and falsifiableJ1 scientific demonstrate is perhaps the almost compelling resolve for the conclusion that the playscript is non free from error. Because this evidencJ2e distinctly yields certain conclusions that be contradicted by direct rumors from biblical authors, we can safely say that the Bible is an imperfect criminal record containing flaws of J3hu universe origins. Due to the overwhelming amount of scientific errors the book possesses, you J4should befool great comfort in deciding t hat on that point was no divine inspiration or intervention in creation. Furthermore, the vast categories of errors contained in the Bible demonstrate that the mis rents are not confined to a single author or field of study, a realization that should question the foundation and excogitation of the book as a whole. This paper will focus considerably on the first chapter of propagation, astronomy, and biology because each of these topics unmistakably contri howeveres to the faux pas of apologetics.THE BEGINNING Anyone with a decent background in natural science who undertakes an impartial but critical look at the first chapter of Genesis should have no scuffle denouncing its claims as a complete lie. At best, the author has offered a poorly constructed allegory for the creation of the universe at worst, and far more plausible, Genesis 1 is a total fabrication. This section will of course demonstrate why the creation account in the opening chapter fails miserably to be scientifical ly accurate.2 first in the creation, beau ideal allegedly separated the peeings into two distinct bodies so that land could appear between them. He called the water below seas and the water above alternate, which he presumably held aloft by the use of a firmament (Verses 6-10). date the NIV translated this verse employ expansion, the Hebrew word utilized by the author is rakia, which the KJV more accurately translated as a unfluctuating body.3Why is the KJV translation more in line with the authors intent? First, its the primary use of the word. Second, it reinforces the equivalent idea of a tilt sea because a solid protective layer would be required to suspend the water if there truly were an ocean above us as the Bible suggests. Third, it complements the k n cause widespread primitive beliefs. Take the mindset of an ancient Hebrew for a moment by ignoring all contemporary understanding you have of the world. You can glance at the sky above and observe that its the color of water, while, periodically, water falls from above. With no further evidence to consider and no further understanding of this phenomenon, the perfectly logical conclusion would be that theres a mass of water in the sky. If this is true, it certainly follows that a solid body, a firmament, would be necessary to contain this oceanic reservoir. Perhaps windows until now open in the firmament to allow rainfall (Genesis 82).Although the pursuit of fellowship has proven these outdated beliefs untrue, we are far richer in scientific understanding than our Hebrew predecessors and should not scoff at the author for his proposal. We now know that the sky is blue due to the scattering of a particular wavelength of light passing through the atmosphere at a certain angle, not because theres an ocean in the sky. While we cannot fault the author for believing this ancient hypothesis, we can conclude that his guess on the properties of the sky was incorrect. Already, a critical analysis has d emonstrated the Bible to be scientifically inaccurate and undeniably imperfect.God allegedly created the sunniness and moon on the fourth sidereal day of the creation (14-19), but this curious statement creates a plethora of troubles because God had already divided the day into lightness and darkness as his first creation (3-5). How can there be darkness and day without the sun, the tho appreciable source of light for our planet? Again, we must take the equiprobable mindset of the author to understand his position. Look into the sky forward from the sun. Its unreasonable to conclude that the earth is b correct at its distal boundaries just because the sun is shining, unless you have solid evidence to the contrary, because the light originating from this enormous ball of preempt appears to stop very near its edges3. Besides, everyone knows that the horizon is luminous well before and well after the sun is in the visible regions of the sky. Thus, theres no solid reason to conc lude that the sun has anything to do with creating the illumination, only that it accompanies the somewhat concurrent periods of lightness. In fact, the Bible explicitly states that the sun and moon are merely symbols to divide the day from the night (14). In the biblical world, however, God controlled morning and evening by this mysterious force called light (3-5), an entirely different entity created much earlier than the sun. We now know that the sun is the determining factor between morning and evening, yet the Bible clearly proclaims morning and evening existed prior to the suns creation.In addition to the sun gaffe, the scientifically ignorant author commits the mistake of listing the moon as a light (16). If we were to be rigidly technical about the Bibles claim, this verse is some other scientifically erroneous notion because the moon merely reflects illumination from the sun. Isaiah and Ezekiel in like manner go for this mistake in their prophecy accounts (3026 and 327, respectively). Again, we often take our modern knowledge about the universe for granted, yet such a gift was completely unforeseeable to the ancient Hebrew.Another problem arises from the sun not appearing until the fourth day when you consider that plants suddenly appeared on the third day (11-13). While its definitely possible, even very likely, for plants to survive without the sun for a single day, many apologists have attempted to rectify the obvious timeline problems in Genesis by altering the meaning of a day. Once they consummate this amendment, theyve created a timeline in which the plants exist without sunlight for however long these days are to them. In most cases, a biblical day must of necessity be no less than a period of millions of years in order to be congruent with scientific data. While the general Hebrew term for day, yom, doesnt necessarily mean a twenty-four hour day, we still understand it to be a short time period based on every present-day(a) slip of its use. Millennia simply do not qualify using this unbiased criterion. Furthermore, the author provides us with the precise definition of yom in every creation instance morning and evening. Naturally, well revisit these creationary intervals in the upcoming Thousands Or Billions. For now, lets return to the problem of the plants thriving without the suns existence.Most vegetation requires sunlight to undergo photosynthesis, the process of using light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into nutrients. I wouldnt bet on plant survival much more than a month without the sun. While its true that the biblical creation has this mysterious light existing prior to the arrival of plants, the only thing we can conclude about its existence is the probable lack thereof. The sun, on the other hand, is fully compatible with plant life. Once again, this obtuse blunder can be justified by the limitations of the ancient Hebrews knowledge because he plain wasnt aware that plants were feeding off sunlight for their survival.As one final minor point on plants for now, God says he has habituated us every plant for food (29). However, were now aware of plants with qualities poisonous enough that make us avoid physical contact with them. Such disturbingly reckless advice hardly seems to be the kind likely given out by an omniscient deity.God allegedly created the stars on the fourth day (16), but what were they, and what was their purpose? Biblical authors believed that stars were small sources of light contained within the imaginary firmament covering the earth. In other words, they exhibited no divine inspiration, whatsoever, telling them that stars were actually unfathomably enormous gaseous spheres seemingly countless miles away. In short, the authors celestial hypothesis was incorrect on location, subroutine, and size.4 Verification for the location part of this position is quite easy to demonstrate. afterward God made the sun, moon, and stars, he set them in the firmame nt of the heaven to give light upon the earth 6(17). So along with the sun and moon, the stars are ostensibly housed in this imaginary physical boundary separating the sky ocean from the open air above earths inhabitants.The Bible similarly remarkably claims the outdated belief that stars were extremely small in size. After the disclosure of their location in the firmament, and after God tells Abraham several times that his quite a little would be as numerous as the stars (which is also impossible, yet its claimed to have been fulfilled in Hebrews 1112), the next clear reference to size and position of these celestial bodies is found in the book of Isaiah. Here, the prophet speaks of exalting a throne above the stars of God (1413). Likewise, Job says, behold the height of the stars, how high they are (2212). Stars are not high they are distant. One would expect these two divinely inspired individuals to make this distinction in their records instead, they boldly demonstrate that they shared the popular yet erroneous belief that God fixed the stars at the skys apex.The book of Psalms states that God tells the number of stars and calls them all by their names (1474). Thats quite an impressive performment considering scientists estimate that there could be as many as 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 in the known universe. If God truly told anyone how many stars surrounded our planet, the ridiculous firmament belief should have ceased without delay.5Daniel speaks of a batch that he had concerning a giant goats horn knocking the stars down to the ground where the goat stamped upon them (Daniel 88-9). Passing comment on the vision, we can also be decidedly certain that Daniel believed stars were tiny lights hanging above the earth. Otherwise, how could his monstrous goat stamp upon them? More importantly, how could someone divinely inspired write something so blatantly preposterous? In the NewTestament, Matthew and Mark both record Jesus foretelling of an era wh en the stars shall fall from heaven (2429 and 1325, respectively). Jesus, a supposedly perfect human being who was supposedly the only son of a supposedly perfect god, wasnt immune to scientific ignorance either.Revelation was the grandiose vision of John, yet another man who God allegedly inspired, but John also thought that stars were bright objects of insignificant size directly above the earth. In this record of his dream-like hallucination, he claims to see Jesus holding 7 stars in his right hand (116). While John may have seen what looked like seven stars in Jesus hand, this is not what the text clearly states. The passage unambiguously says Jesus was holding seven stars in his hand. Thus, Johns statement is certainly in error. In addition, John mentions a dream in which the stars of heaven fell unto the earth and compares this event to a fig tree shaking off its leaves (613). Furthermore, he describes a great star falling into the third part of the rivers, and upon the fount ains of the waters (810). If a star were to fall to our planet as John indicates, it would annihilate the earth upon move because these bodies are generally hundreds of times larger than our world. Finally, John sees a dragon swing its tail close to, consequently knocking a third of the stars in the sky down to the ground (124). Theres no need to discuss how enormous such a hypothetical tail would have to be in order to accomplish this impossibility. After all, Revelation was only a vision. On the other hand, we must expectChristians to accept that this man had a unique foreknowledge of humankinds imminent future. In other words, these ridiculously fantastical events must remain futuristic certainties to biblical apologists. At this point, we can safely say that anyone attempting to harmonize the scientifically determined position, size, and number of our celestial neighbors with a literal interpretation of the Bible is veraciously wasting his time.Another embarrassing tale of bib lical nonsense is the construction of the Tower of Babel in Genesis 11. According to the bogus legend, everyone on earth spoke the same terminology when the erection of the tower began. Because the people of earth had a great desire to sire a glimpse of God, they built this supposed tower pin downing to breach the sky. As God didnt like the possibility of people spotting him, he confused their languages to forestall the architects from understanding one another. Unable to continue construction, everyone with different languages went separate ways.This story is unfeasible for many reasons.6 The first problem with the incredulous account is the incongruency of the common language theme. We know that many different languages existed centuries before the storys setting around 2500-2000 BCE. Not only that, but another Pentateuch author had said Noahs sons separated according to their own tongues in the previous chapter (Genesis 10). At the very least, we have a major timeline discrep ancy in need of an acceptable resolution. Furthermore, the notion that nineteenth century man had the architectural knowledge to build a tower even a mile high is ridiculous. To fathom that a group of ignorant ancient Hebrews could make an equivalent accomplishment is ludicrous.Interestingly, no divine inspiration is available as a possible excuse for the illogical story because God wasnt siding with his people on this occasion If he didnt wish for the people to see him, he wouldnt have provided the means for them to do so. Of course, the most obvious blunder is Gods supposed care of us actually reaching him in the sky. To suggest that an omniscient god would destroy a building because he felt he was in insecurity of humans catching a glimpse of him is an equally ludicrous proposal. The aspects of this story once again go back to the ancient Hebrew belief that God eternally resided on top of a dome covering the earth. Since an omniscient deity would know that the people could not possibly reach him, he would not have stopped the towers construction for the specific reason provided by the Bible. The story cries of a myth.7We also have fanciful tales about giants roaming the earth during the Pentateuch era. Theres a plug of room for interpretation here because the exact nature of these mysterious giants is unknown. However, we understand that the Bible has them living both before and after the flood (Genesis 64 and Numbers 1333). Some Christians have argued these giants are the dinosaurs, but this proposed explanation fails to be consistent with the flood caused the dinosaur extinction hypothesis offered by others in the same crowd. While the text is most likely referring to a race of people, archaeologists have found no reliable evidence that these creatures existed. Given the track record of the Bible thus far, its reasonable to conclude that the Genesis giants are, at best, an exaggeration of an otherwise normal species of life.Jesus also commits another s cientific blunder when he declares the chinese mustard seed to be the smallest seed of the earth (Mark 431). There are, in fact, many seeds smaller than the mustard, such as the South American orchid, but the Hebrews were obviously ignorant of most everything outside of their homeland. Had God presented this bit of information to the author of Mark, it seems unfeasible that the writer would portray Jesus as a man so careless with his diction. This example is clearly another biblical error on the growing accumulation that arises from the same limitation of divinely uninspired perspective.The suggestion that the Bible is lacking a scientific foundation is nothing less than a colossal understatement. The Bible has failed fair, impartial, and universally applicable tests in multiple fields of science. If God truly is the inspiration behind this purportedly divine declaration to the world, he shows absolutely no interest in its understandability or accuracy in astronomy, cosmology, zool ogy, botany, anthropology, geology, ecology, geography, physiology, and several other disciplines not covered in this chapter. In fact, the Bible handicaps those who use their God-given talents of reason and logic to settle blatant biblical problems. Nothing can be more detrimental to the authenticity of a statement than contradictory phenomena that we readily observe and experience. With no other evidence to consider, these natural manifestations should always invert what we might hope and think to be correct explanations for unignorable discrepancies. Such is the power of science and reason. They are the impartial pursuit of an answer to a question, not the search for supplements to a predetermined answer.These are just a few examples of how it is useless and counterproductive even for fundamentalists to try to extract concepts from the Bible that they do not have as well as try to argue that they possess any technical and scientific knowledge beyond their time.The Bible is a re ligious, spiritual, moral and mythical book, and as such is subordinate to the world view of its time and place.It is perfectly possible for Christians to be at peace with their religion and their holy book even though they are aware of their primitive conceptions of the Universe and the World, even as Frei Betto would say in his text The Bible in 12 Steps provided as no one fails to take a remedy because there is an error of agreement in the bull, Jews and Christians do not care if they find a historical misconception in the biblical texts, and in their eyes they are, rather, religious texts. There are notions of science or history and they know that the biblical authors did not intend to reach methodological and scientific precision.We interweaved religious, historical and scientific references according to the knowledge of the time.While the quality of the wiring, the electronic conduits, the post or the lamp , For who seeks light to see better? FREI BETTO The Bible in 12 Steps That is, a fable does not have its essential content spoild by the fact of describing fantastic things, like talk Foxes. In the same way, a myth should not be devalued by its physically absurd elements. If I do not believe in the divine inspiration of the Bible, it is rather by many other factors, such as those quoted in Is the Divinely Inspired Bible ?, yet it does not invalidate its cultural value.The biblical apologists are even lucky that, thanks to the early Catholic Church, only the 3 synoptic gospels and the gospel of John were considered canonical. What in themselves already present myriads of errors conception about nature. Otherwise, it might be utterly impossible not to see Biblical Geocentrism, which although present is not so explicit.In Hebrews 11, the apostle Paul refers to the translation of Enoch, the father of Methuselah, which is not described in the Old Testament, only vaguely suggested in Genesis 522. Pauls knowledge certainly came also from other gospels, suc h as the apocryphon Enochs Book of Secrets, which tells the story mentioned by Paul, which makes this book a little more trustworthy than the other apocryphal even Because it is most probably from him that Paul also removed the mention of the angelic hierarchy of Thrones, Dominions, Principalities and Powers, as quoted inColossians 117, and in other excerpts from his New Testament epistles.Well, this book, written at the same time as the other Gospels by some scholar who knew Aristotelian Geocentrism, explicitly describes the mechanisms used by angels to move the Sun around the Earth, in addition to the other celestial spheres Of the trio Copernicus, Galileo, and Kepler, were accepted by most scholars, and yet were far more advanced than the primitive idea of a Flat Earth lost in an Abyss.Probably the incompatibility of Hellenistic geocentrism, which already knew the sphericity of the Earth, with the much more primitive concepts of the Bible, was one of the factors for the disqualif ication of the apocryphal book of Enoch.It is certainly lucky. For fundamentalists already have a tremendous work to hide and omit blatant biblical naivety about the reality of nature, and to distort and decontextualize verses. move the affirmation of the apologistsMany errors were indeed stated, but conservative biblical scholars have always been able to find solutions to these problems. Perhaps they have forgotten to say that these solutions only satisfy even the counselors who have solved their rationality within Religious Fanaticism.1 Zondervan, (The Battle for the Bible, 1978)2 Long, Jason (Biblical Nonsense, 2015) 3 Ibid3 William Henry Burr (Self-Contradictions of the Bible, 2016)4 C. Dennis Mckinsey (The Encyclopedia of Biblical Errancy, 1995) 6 Ibid5 Long, Jason (Biblical Nonsense, 2015)6 baronet D. Ehrman (Gods Problem How the Bible Fails to Answer Our Most Important QuestionWhy We Suffer, 2009)7 Bart D. Ehrman (Gods Problem How the Bible Fails to Answer Our Most Important QuestionWhy We Suffer, 2009)J1Word is not used in the right context.J2Which evidence?J3aboutJ4one

Wal Marts Global Procurement Division Management Essay

Wal Marts Global Procurement Division Management EssayWal-Mart Stores, Inc. (NYSE WMT) was founded in 1962 by Sam Walton and incorporated in 1969. Walmart has been maintaining its status as the largest grocery retailer in the U.S. The alliance operates at much than 8,500 retail units under 60 different banners in 15 countries, and reported sales revenue of $405 billion in 2010. The company strives to strongly commit to its promise to the customers Every Day commencement Prices. In order to forgo low-priced goods and make the customers lives better, the company particularly leverages operating expense and make better its global expertise. From a nonher perspective, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is one of the biggest buyers for many bearrs whether they ar municipal or worldwide producers, and whether they are of a small scale or a big scale. To reduce the bottom-line costs, the company has been vigorously attempting to reduce crossway costs and transport costs.International Purchasi ngAs the companys business dramatically grew, it created Global Procurement division in 2002 to better manage the international buy activities. The division makes decision on and oversees direct business import and factory purchasing from their international suppliers in many different locations around the globe. To name a few, Wal-mart obtains global procurement offices in Bangladesh, Dubai, India, Indonesia, Korea, Pakistan, Shanghai and Shenzen in mainland China. These offices allow international suppliers to apply for direct import program through which they could establish the supplier descent with Wal-mart, after the thorough examination.Wal-Marts Global Procurement DivisionHeadquartered in Shenzen, China, the division is responsible for identifying new attractive international suppliers, sourcing new products as necessary, and maintaining good supplier relationships with the exist suppliers. In addition, it manages the global allow for chain of Wal-marts direct imports. T he majority of the staffs are located in Shenzen, China as the company has the greatest supplier base in China. By setting up the Global Procurement division, the company gained better insights into their international suppliers. Through this program, the company could understand the issues of global sourcing and suppliers and go away towards solving them in order to assure quality. As a supplier maintenance process, the global procurement offices are also responsible for conducting factory inspections, and provide the workplace standards training that align with the companys own standards.International Supplier SelectionSimilar to the companys very thorough domestic help supplier selection, the global procurement undergoes the selective process. The greatest advantage that the international direct import brings is reduced costs. Due to high labor costs, many of the U.S. factories understructurenot offer Wal-mart competitive pricing. As a result, Wal-mart explored its options in Pacific-Asia/Asia. In many Asian countries, manufacturers benefit from relatively low labor costs. Among those international supplier, Chinese suppliers are definitely the companys biggest supplier base. To ensure the quality of products in addition to lower costs, the global procurement division strives to help them adhere to the standards and make factory inspections/audits. Also, the company has its own ethical standards set for its say-so and existing suppliers as an essential requirement. Reindebtedness and trustworthiness are also important criteria to falling off the delivery failure and delay rates. Through the companys own global communicate chain, it manages the transportation of goods from international suppliers to the U.S. warehouses.Supplier management systemThere is no need to tell how far has reached Walmart on the supply chain management. To ensure its customers blessedness is the highest, the biggest worldwide retailing company provides a Supplier Training prog ram. Once a supplier has been accepted and has read the Proposal Packet which introduces the business doctrine and practices, a training program managed by Accenture must be followed. In 2005, Walmart and the Retail Industry Leaders Association (RILA) created an online retail supply chain attestation for suppliers. A web-based training program for Chinese factories to audit ratings and productivity is also included. A apportion of side businesses like 8th Walton offer services and solutions to validate organisations who want to do business with Walmart.Intertek Group factories inspection, factory auditsIn August 2009, Walmart announced its partnerships with Intertek to ensure the quality of the suppliers product. The partner provides the RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substance) certification by a cost-effective program to assure the product compliance. The process includes documentation review, process audit and lab testing.Local SuppliersThe Local Supplier program was put in p lace to satisfy local demand for specific products. A complete process has to be completed from the store manager to the Divisional Merchandise Director. Also, a special program for Women owned business and minority businesses. Benefits are present for the chain Wal-Marts local sourcing strategy has been seen as a move to win the favour of its customers. Walmart recognized that local suppliers are more aware of national trends, customers tastes and local needs. That helps create links with the population as well.RequirementsA lot of requirements must be fulfilled by suppliers to be part of the big empire retail system. First, all businesses must adhere to the RetailLink system which is a website to plan execute and crumple the production. Moreover, suppliers must include EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) to their system for real-time delivery of business documents. EDI is part of the Vendor Management Inventory (VMI) which, through the use of sale information, recommends orders to Walmart. all over the years, EDI has actually proven to be one of the most efficient and effective ways for Wal-Mart to conduct business with its suppliers. That contributes to oversight the inventory programs of both the supplier and Walmart. disdain these technical requirements, tests labs might be asked to ensure the highest quality and caoutchouc we use different independent third party testing labs to provide a safety net test. Also, at that place is a total prohibition of any kind of gifts or present to Walmart managers. The company asked for industry knowledge and integrity from its suppliers. Finally, suppliers must mate regulation differentiations among countries with the help of the Office for Regulatory Compliance (ORC).Some standard hasten to be reach as well the compliance with the law, the no-child labor application, hiring and exercising practices, compensations (wage), freedom of association and barging, health and safety, environment, conflict-free of interes t, anti-corruption and financial integrity. Violations of these standards can be reported in any country confidentially.Insurance requirementsA product Commercial common Liability insurance must be purchased by the supplier for a minimum of $2 million. An employees insurance has to be bought for a minimum of $1 million. An employers liability must also be included.Benefits of Global SourcingCheap Labor Resrouce CostsOne of the reasons for Walmart pursue international purchasing is there are cheaper labor fountain available abroad. Looking at hourly compensation cost of the world by United States Department of Labor, one can clearly see that there are numerous nations that provide cheaper labor force than that of the US. Suppliers in nations with cheaper labor are likely to provide cheaper products which would benefit Walmart in cost saving. Walmart is trying to decrease labor costs further by launching programs such as job optimization and regrouping programSome resources are act ually cheaper in reliable countries and Walmart could benefit from such difference by purchasing resources from cheaper regions. Moreover, in some cases, due to such differences in cost, there really is no competitive domestic supplier available making it inevitable to purchase internationally.Diversification of Supplier BaseAlso, by purchasing internationally, Walmart can diversify its supply base. By doing this, Walmart not only can purchase various products with cheap price but also ensure nonplusable and less volatile supply base. For instance, in modern disaster in Japan, even though Walmarts business in Japan has taken some damage, it is unlikely to damage overall company as their supply base is diversified. Regarding the issue, Moodys Investors Services Senior Analyst Charles OShea said, While Japan may be an important market for Wal-Mart, the company has other international opportunities that have more growth potential over the long term. As you can see in the example, Wa lmart benefits greatly by diversifying its supply base globally. Not only that, Walmartcan improve its bargaining position towards domestic suppliers by diversifying its supply base. As Walmartcanpurchase from suppliers outside the US, it does not depend on domestic suppliers providing it bargaining power to push domestic suppliers to provide contracts better conditions.Risks of Global SourcingTransportation CostDespite benefits mentioned above, international purchasing comes with some risks and costs. To start with, there are transportation costs. As international suppliers have to ship products, it is important to minimize transportation cost. Walmart tries to avoid unnecessary transportation cost by having standards and requirements when selecting supplier. By selecting supplier that fits the standards, Walmart can avoid potential additional cost. Also, Walmart offers supplier information manual which its suppliers are required to follow as stated in contract with Walmart. The co ntract also states clearly that it is suppliersresponsibility to deliver products timely and in case of delays, compensations are in order. Walmart also tries to prevent such failures by educating its suppliers through supplier training programs.Reputation and Quality bearWalmart also has to ensure its reputations are protected when dealing with international suppliers. If products from international suppliers are of incompetent quality or if their suppliers have ethical issues, Walmarts reputation would be could damaged. To prevent any potential problems, Walmart practices audits to its suppliers. For instance, Walmart carried out unannounced audits to factories of its supplier in China. To Walmarts surprise, it found out that the factories had unsafe work practices which caused staff injuries. If it were not for these audits, Walmarts reputation could have been damaged for dealing with unethical supplier.Corporate social responsibilityAs one of the largest world companies, Walmar t has no choice to look on the impacts of its actions. But, because Wal-Mart only at one time manufactures 8 percent of everything is sells, the solution lies for the most part with the suppliers. Walmart asked to its 100,000 suppliers 15 questions for sustainability regarding energy and climate, material efficiency, natural resources and people and community in the goal to transform into a sustainable products rating for customers. Walmart also pursues 3 major environmental goals to be supplied 100% by renewable energy, to create zero waste and to sell products that sustain people and environment.Established in 1992, the Ethical Standard Program, a division of the Global Procurement, is responsible to verify if suppliers are in conformance with Walmart standards and local law. The company experienced some troubles in China relatively to management style (well-run prisons) and to the labor exploitation.Child labor and Labor/factory conditionsIn 1993, Walmart was accused of its out growth violation of international labor rights in Bangladesh Children in Bangladesh were forced to work for five cents an hour while Wal-Mart falsely indicated that their garments had been Made in USA logical with their 1985 image campaign. Despite many efforts, in 2006, around 250 children were found working in a factory. Bad treatments, physical, moral and financial were also reported. The fault can be rejected to suppliers, the core problem, and Walmart could stop the abuses by halting its cutting and running. Various violations have been reported on the minimum wage, forced labor, overtime paid, washbasin breaks or rights to independent unions.Against green initiatives/sustainabilityWalmart put in place a Sustainable Value Network to seek solutions for an eco-friendly environment. The company began to see environmental sustainability as a way to achieve two goals improve Wal-Marts bottom line and its reputation. Efforts are driven in this direction, but there is still a lot to do. Some say Walmart got engaged in these actions, looking to its bottom line.RecommendationBetter Supplier RelationshipWalmart has been criticized by general public that it forces its suppliers to cut raft costs and processes. While this procedures have helped Walmart to achieve its business motto, Every Day Low Price (EDLP), it also resulted in somewhat harming its relationships with its suppliers. For instance, survey by RetailingToday.com showed that Walmarts authorized suppliers believe Walmart does not help its suppliers to understand the business and operations nor does it make information and resources open. This kind of data shows that Walmarts over-compulsive requirements has led to distrusts between it and its suppliers. For Walmart to successfully survive in future market, it is essential to create sustainable relationships with its suppliers.Green WalmartFor similar reasons mentioned above, Walmart has been criticized for not environment friendly. As Walmart pursues cost minimization, it somewhat neglected environmental issues which is damaging its vane image. There are demonstrations and movements that argue to not purchase from Walmart because of it is harming environment. For Walmart to better its brand image, it is important to go green.Ethical businessOther issues include ethical problems. It is over again related to Walmarts goal of minimizing cost. To meet with Walmarts demand of cost minimization, some suppliers from developing countries using child labor. Not only is itself unethical, it is also morally being criticized because Walmart does not actively prevent this. As mentioned above, this is also harming Walmarts brand image.Overdependence on Chinese suppliersCurrently, Walmart is depending hugely on supplier from nations with cheap labor and cheap resources like China. However, China is not a nation of infinite resources or will its labor always suffer cheap. Ultimately, Chinese labor cost and resource prices will rise. If Walma rt stay over-depending on China, potential danger will always remain. To prevent such danger, it needs to more diversify its supplier base.

Ethical Issues in Randomized Control Trials

Ethical Issues in randomize Control TrialsPROBLEM 1A research team is conducting a randomised Control Trial of a unused drug to treat the common symptom of the Ebola virus (fever) over the past sixer (6) months. The experimental group consisted of female Ebola patients aged amid 30 and 50 years to whom the unseasoned drug was administered. The wangle group consisted of male Ebola patients aged between 70 and 80 years. To this control group placebo, a substance that resembles medicine superficially and is believed by the patient to be medicine simply that has no medicinal value was administered.Discuss ethical issues associated with this research spirit?Ebola virus affection also as (EVD) is a highly infectious and contaminating disease which has lately killed thousands especially in West Afri tooshie. This disease is a severe and most often fatal illness in humans. The Research design used Randomized Control Trial, however it does not state how it was able calculate the RC T assay size. The years in age of women and men argon listed but we do not know how umpteen participants the experiment had. This research conducted random sampling, was the randomization truly random, or are there really are two populations cosmos study here. It is very difficult to come up with two randomized age groups of men and women. As stated above Ebola is a very dangerous disease and one of the ethical issues in research is that vulnerable groups should not be used unless benefits outweigh the damages, the age group of men between 70-80yrs fall in that category as elderly. This research design would shoot been giving this vulnerable group a placebo medicines (dumpy) to this group over a period of 6 months. How m some(prenominal) individuals would have been lost to this fatal killer disease? The declaration of Helsinki states that in every medical study, every patient including those of a control group, if any should be assured of the best proven diagnostic and therapeu tic method. The controlled group where not assumed of this, placebo control trials are justified when it comes to testing a new product like hair removing creams which has no permanent damage, with severe illness this cannot be acceptable .illness that are fatal and highly contagious when with a placebo control is not justifiable with Ebola because without any medical intervention they will die. The study design also shows large evidence of both allocation and performance bias, in a sense the women that were selection to the intervention group were specifically chosen to be in the intervention group, due to the fact that they will perform violate, by facilitating quick and desirable recovery compared to the elderly men whom their bodies cannot respond with the same efficiency. Lastly some of these elderly men are Husbands, Dads, Granddads, brothers of other people non-finite family will suffer endlessly over 6 months, whilst their relative is not getting any help at all.What modif ications would you suggest on the research design in future?There is never a single way to marry when it comes to research, however they are research design which are more suitable and permit the evidence obtained to answer the initial question as explicitly as possible. In future I would use I would use sequence series design. This is due to the fact that Time series design allows each participant to receive an intervention over a period of time and proceedss are measured before and after any intervention. Hence reducing the fatality that are associated with Ebola but also making it less contagious if the medication is being effective. Another change I would introduce is to remove the placebo medication, one cannot be comparing a drug efficiency to a dumpy Placebo, and if it is a new medication then it will have to be compared to other similar drugs to assess its effectiveness instead of nothing, whilst humans are dying and others getting bemire within that 6 months. Another ch ange would be for the research not to use vulnerable elderly as the control group, hence using childlike and young adult sample population, since they would give a clearer indication to the efficiency of the new drug. Lastly I would calculate a large enough sample size to increase the findings internal and external validity. Due to Ebola being fatal a sample size would help, by clarifying the append fatalities experience but most important the number of patients cured.PROBLEM 2One of the leading causes of fast spread of HIV and AIDS in Africa is distress particularly income poverty that forces unmarried women and girls to indulge in prostitution. In January2005, the IMF/World Bank designed a 10-year micro-finance targeting 1000 prostitutes. The aim of the project was to see a significant shake in the number of women or girls who indulge in this malpractice. To be registered as a beneficiary, interested women and girls were required submitted an application and pay a processing honorarium of MK500. A total of 2500 applications were received at the close of the deadline. To identify project beneficiaries, it was decided that a pecktery be conducted and that all applicants be invited to witness the draw. subsequently selecting the beneficiaries (i.e., treated group), a random draw was also conducted to select non-beneficiaries (i.e., control group).Discuss ethical issues associated with this research design?Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS develops from transmittal with HIV (human immunodeficiency Virus), which attacks the immune system and disables a persons defenses against other diseases, including infections and certain cancers. This research used Random selection to find the 1000 participants it cute to induct into the micro-finance program .Firstly the time frame of the project, the project was meant to run for 10 years and considering that this will have been an observation study design a lot of things can happen within the 10 year s, which will affect the internal Validity of the findings. Secondly this Research design asked participants to pay for the application ,a sum of K500 which would total up to K1,250,000 million for the 2500 applicants. Research ethics prohibits payments that can potentially cause pressure, bribes and economic social disadvantages. Therefore many individuals who really need the help would have been excluded, subsequently them having inability to source out the K500.It is also unethical asking money from a poverty group who happens to practice prostitution, they will engage in this malpractice to raise that K500, leading to the project not trying to stop prostitution but encouraging it on the other hand. Research designs have to respect the seclusion and confidentiality of participants at all times. Conducting a Lottery where everyone is invited and dividing the treatment and control groups of prostitutes in front of a congregation hampers privacy and confidentiality ethics, this sor t of exposure can result into the applicants looked down upon by community members.What modifications would you suggest on the research design in future?When it comes to payments, Research ethics promotes that participants should be suitably compensated for any expenses, compensated for effort, time or lost income, and acknowledged for their contribution.in total this research raised K1,250,000 million. The suitability of this money is not justifiable since IMF bank will in truth be spending huge amounts monthly to sustain this project. I would remove this application fee so that its open to every suitable candidate without having fiscal hinders. The applicants were unmarried women and girls, I think that the focus should have been different since these are different age groups. The women can be put on the micro-financing plan whist the girls can be given a different option to continue on with education and the money directed towards their fees. To expand on that it would be better to teach the participants to fish rather than give them fish every time for 10 years, since when the project stops they will go back and continue with their malpractices (prostitution) .However if you can teach some of the women income generating activities and education for the girls then they will be able to become dependent and stop the prostitution altogether. This is known as transformative participatory monitor and evaluation. Another change that I would install is the time span of the projects 10 years is a lot of time, I would change the Research design to Randomized Control Trial with Crossover design. This would allow all 2500 participants to partake, thus not having any control groups, but time sequence when they would be receiving the money, hence follow ups can be conducted to what the individuals are capable of with and without benefits. Futuristic speaking, I would change the design of the selecting process of the 2 groups, a Lottery selection were everyone is invite d would be scrub and conduct an expert panel to assess economic, social and health status of the applicants. Decisions would be made and beneficiaries awarded to the real needy ones.REFERENCESKazdin, A.E. (2010).Single-Case Research Designs Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings, second edition. New York Oxford University Press.Millum,J Grady C. (2013) The ethics of placebo-controlled trials methodological justifications.. Contemp Clin Trials.36(2)510-4Rothman KJ, Michels KB The continuing unethical use of placebo controls.N Engl J Med331394398,1994

The Arrogance of The Lie by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Essay -- Kurt Vonnegut

The Arrogance of The LieThe Lie, written by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is a theme that stands as a mirror to reflect the ugly image of a condescending faction haunt with grades and total, not actual learning. Even though it took smear years ago, the sickening mind frames still exist in some of todays people. They are namely the elite group or center field to upper class families. In the story, Doctor Remenzel is obsessed with Eli having a high standard of excellence, Eli getting special treatment because he is part of the higher group, and for those reasons, Eli is sheepish of himself, and terrified of telling his father and mother that he failed the entrance examinations. All of these things are examples of what happens in the arrogant sub culture which exists today. During the beginning of the story, Doctor Remenzel is obsessed with the idea of his son Eli looking good. An example of this would be when Doctor Remenzel meets his friend Tom on the way to the school. Doctor Remenzel pointed to the chaos of the back of Elis repoint beamed that his news was the same. The word beamed, and the whole fact that the Doctor had to point out that his son was too going there implies that he is proud and wants to show him off. A comment that Doctor Remenzel makes that implies his son is better than others is when referring to another person getting in, he makes the remark of, If hes smart enough. The Doctor is obviously apothegm that Eli is much smarter than some. This relates to the condescending faction because the parents of these... ...d constitute failing in their case) they feel ashamed because they did not meet the expectations created by their parents or other authorities. In stopping point the whole idea is alarming. How could anyone possibly get so egotistical and self-centered? The Lie is one prime example of how our culture has been divided and distorted. Some set apart their own well being into others, perhaps because of a missed opportunity, or maybe upright because of their state of mind. Image, special privileges, and fear of disappointing are just some of the things that classify both the story and our sub culture. It is a wonder if we will ever stop putting so much on numbers and grades, and start focusing on what is really important learning. The sub culture sure needs to.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

MacbethThroughout the play, there are several occasionswhich may either be construe as manipulation ofMacbeths character, or more dramatically as propheciesof his inevitable destiny. The most important of theseelements are the supernatural witches. When Macbeth firstmeets the Witches (I.iii.) seemingly by accident theycall him titles which have not yet been bestowed uponhim. It is unclear whether the Witches plant the idea ofearning these titles by foul play to Macbeths take aim, orwhether it is a prophecy of future. Either way, theirwords eventually become reality.The further encounters with the Weyward Sisters andHecate strengthens the idea of a preset destiny. Thethree apparitions summoned by the witches (IV.i.) and theprophecies that go together with them are all visions ofthe future. Unfortunaly for Macbeth he manages to readthese manifestations of his destiny all wrong.Another important fatal element for Macbeth isLady Macbeth. She is also heavily manipulating Macbeth(II.i i.), although she does not have the supernaturalqualities of the Witches. She is clear a woman drivenby an infinite lust for power. However, the only way forher to fulfill her personal agenda is through herhusband, Macbeth. Lady Macbeths character hobo be easilyinterpreted as a manifestation of the darker side of thehuman mind, an instrument between Macbeth and therealization of his inevitable destiny.When Macbeth has become King and mat up power, hedoesnt want to give it up. At first he wasnt at peacebecause he wanted the throne, but hesitated to carry outthe murder. Now that he has the throne, he loses hispeace with the prospect of losing the crown. His onlychoice now is to kill Banquo and Fleance. He is trying towork against prophecy the third apparition somethinghe never learns not to do.While Macbeth carries out his dark deeds, he becomesa somewhat different person he no longer possessescontrol over his destiny. His head becomes filled withimages of murder, ghosts and othe r signs of a disturbedmind. The vision of the dagger (II.i.) is the earliestexample of the duality and unstability of his character.Macbeths mind is contemplating the murder of Duncan, buthe clearly hasnt come to terms with it.After he has carried out the murder, Macbeth is ableto keep a mask of innocence. When he has the doubtfulBanquo murdered, and his ghost appears to haunt him